The main diagnostic features
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by aggression and a high degree of irritability. It also implies having a risky behavior and engaging in dangerous situations. Additionally, it manifests itself in high vigilance and concentration difficulty.
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder symptoms include a constant fear of being judged or humiliated by other people. Moreover, social anxiety disorder forces people to avoid certain social situations. Finally, anxiety begins to interfere with daily life causing people to experience nausea and lightheadedness
Paraphilic disorder
People with the paraphilic disorder tend to experience constant sexual arousals and urges towards non-human objects. It also may involve a desire for the humiliation of oneself or a partner. Individuals with the paraphilic disorder may have sexual fantasies involving the distress of others.
Biomedical factors
Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD can be diagnosed in people who have certain brain structures which are dysfunctional. For instance, the amygdala is one of the structures damaged during PTSD (Pierce, 2018). Additionally, the diseases can occur as a result of damage to the locus coeruleus and hippocampus.
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder occurs in people whose parents had a social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder is also common among people with insecure attachments. Moreover, different types of childhood maltreatment and adversity also can contribute to social anxiety disorder.
Paraphilic disorder
The paraphilic disorder can be discovered in people with childhood sexual trauma. Brain damage of different types also can promote paraphilic disorder. There is a link between endocrine abnormalities and the disorder.
Clinical factors
Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD can cause social anxiety disorder to develop in a rapid manner. PTSD and SAD both involve the fear of interacting with other people. PTSD and paraphilic disorder may arise due to the same trauma.
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder and PTSD have high comorbidity. PTSD can trigger social anxiety disorder symptoms and aggravate the condition (Koenigsberg, 2020). Both SAD and PTSD patients can feel excessive shame and guilt.
Paraphilic disorder
Paraphilic disorder and PTSD are significantly different in their nature. Yet, PTSD can contribute to the development of the paraphilic disorder. SAD can interfere with sexual development and also contribute to the paraphilic disorder.
Historical factors
Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD was initially considered an anxiety disorder which prevented people from receiving effective treatment. Yet, today, PTSD belongs to a separate group called trauma-related disorders. The change in the status led to the discovery of new treatments.
Social anxiety disorder
In the 1960s, social anxiety disorder was recognized as a separate social phobia. Since then, social anxiety disorder has become a recognized condition which entailed treatment. Currently, a social anxiety disorder can easily receive effective treatment.
Paraphilic disorder
Paraphilic disorder patients are usually placed in an institutional environment. Paraphilic disorder patients now have access to different types of medication. Today, paraphilic disorder patients cannot be institutionalized against their will.
Socio-cultural factors
Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD patients used to experience considerable social pressure and stigma. Gradually, after PTSD became an official diagnosis and more people began to share their PTSD experience. Today, PTSD is openly talked about by many people, including veterans, and does not entail social stigma.
Social anxiety disorder
In the past, social anxiety disorder was associated with mere shyness. Social anxiety disorder entailed a social stigma aggravating the condition. Nowadays, SAD is widely discussed by celebrities and thoroughly addressed in society.
Paraphilic disorder
The paraphilic disorder has always been considered harmful for society. People with paraphilic disorder continue to be perceived as dangerous (Linden, 2018). To this day, paraphilic disorder continues to entail a social stigma.
References
Brown, G. (2021). Healing complex posttraumatic stress disorder: A clinician’s guide. Springer.
Koenigsberg, J. (2020). Anxiety disorders: Integrated psychotherapy approaches. Routledge.
Linden, D. (2018). The biology of psychological disorders (2nd ed.). Macmillan International Higher Education.
Pierce, S. (2018). PTSD: Causes and care. Greenhaven Publishing.